Acute and Sub-Chronic Nephrotoxicity Study on Orally Administered Crude Costus afer Stem Juice in Male Wistar Albino Rat
Egege
AN, Akubugwo EI, Nwaogwugwu CJ*, Ezekwe AS
Â
Affiliations:Â
1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of
Biological and Physical Sciences. Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu,
Nigeria
2.
Department Medical Biochemistry Imo State University, Owerri
Citation:Â Nwaogwugwu
CJ (2019) Acute and Sub-Chronic Nephrotoxicity Study on Orally Administered
Crude Costus afer stem juice in
Male Wistar Albino rat. Adv Clin Pharmacol Toxicol Ther, 1(1);1-7.
Copyright: ©
2019, Nwaogwugwu CJ, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution and production in any
medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
ABSTRACT
Aim:Â To study Acute
and Sub-Chronic Nephrotoxicity on Orally Administered Crude Costus afer stem juice in Male Wistar
Albino rat. Method: Forty (40)
healthy male albino rats aged about 7 weeks weighing between 91 g-155 g were
used, 15 albino rats were used for the acute toxicity test. The albino rats
were randomly divided into five groups of five animals each. Group I which
received food and water ad libitium served
as the control group while group II, III, IV and V received crude stem juice
250 mg/kg body weight, 500 mg/kg body weight, 750 mg/kg body weight, and 1000
mg/kg body weight (b.wt) respectively for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed
under ether anesthesia and the hepatic biomarkers were analyzed for Aspartate
Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT); Alkaline Phosphatase
(ALP); Triglyceride (TG); Total Bilirubin (TB); Conjugated Bilirubin (CB);
Albumin (ALB) and kidney biomarkers urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and
bicarbonate were investigated. Statistical
Analysis:Â The statistical analysis of result was done using
statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version, Means were separated
using Least Significant Difference. Group means were compared for significance
at P<0.05. Data were represented as mean ± standard deviation. Result: The acute motility was recorded
during the study. There was progressive increase in body weight at doses of 250
mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of rats during 28 days oral
administration of the extract (p<0.05). There were significant increases in
kidney function biomarkers such as creatinine, urea and electrolytes at 750
mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in levels
of RBC, HB, PCV MCHC, platelet, MCH and MCV in all groups from the control
(p<0.05). Conclusion: The study
revealed that C. afer crude stem
juice exhibits nephrotoxicity at high doses of 750 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg,
therefore it is time dependent and dose dependent toxicity.Â
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