Review on Molecular Mechanism of Anthelminthics Resistance
Zerihun Gadisa,
Selamawit Fentahun Ali*, Temesgen Bihonegn
Affiliation of Wollo university
ABSTRACT
Parasitic helminthes cause serious infectious
diseases in humans and live stocks. Control of these infections depends mostly
on anthelmintics namely the Benzimidazoles (BZs), Levamisole (LEV) and
other imidazothiazoles and the Macrocyclic Lactones (MLs) but
resistance has developed against most of these broad-spectrum drugs in
many parasite species. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to give
review on molecular mechanism and mechanism of resistance to
anthelminthics and the factor that leading anthelminthics resistance and its
possible management. Due to their difference I n mechanism of action and
their mechanism of resistance of some anthelmintics is also different
from each other. Drug resistance in general arises through drug
accumulation, drug inactivation, alteration of target cells and metabolic
alteration mechanism of the drugs. Some, of the most common mechanisms of
drug resistance involve altered levels or altered drug specificities of
ABCÂ (ATP Binding Cassete) transporters. ABC transport protein called
P-glycoprotein was the first active pump described for leading to
multidrug resistance. Frequent usage of the same group of anthelmintic;
use of anthelmintics in sub-optimal doses, prophylactic mass treatment of
domestic animals and frequent and continuous use of a single drug have
contributed to the widespread development of anthelmintic
resistance.Appropriate dosage, combination of the drugs, strict quarantines,
refugia and pasture management are some that should be used to
minimize the problem. Finally, recommendations are forwarded regarding the
mechanisms that delaying the onset of drug resistance development.
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